Dogs are smarter than we give them credit for. They can experience something so impactful that it only takes a single time for them to understand that the experience is something to be avoided or scared of. This is called single-event learning (sometimes called a one-time learning event), and it's more common in dogs than you might think. If you have ever trained your dog, you know that usually, it would take many repetitions for your dog to understand the consequences of certain events or actions. However, single-event learning can be so frightening (or in some cases, pleasant) that your dog develops an avoidance, fear, or phobia with a single exposure. Keep reading to learn more about how single-event learning works and what you can do to help your scared dog.

It can be heartbreaking to see your dog cower in fear or tremble with anxiety. Maybe you just adopted a new dog and they aren’t as outgoing as you hoped. Or maybe your shy dog has always been a little more reserved than others. Regardless of the reason for your dog's fearfulness, there are things you can do to help ease their anxiety and make them feel more comfortable in their home environment. Here are five things you can do if you find yourself living with a fearful, shy, or anxious dog.

If you are holding onto your dog’s leash for dear life on every walk because your dog tends to bark, lunge, or growl at each passerby, your dog could be displaying leash reactivity. This can make daily tasks like exercising your dog; or taking your dog to potty nearly impossible and oftentimes, embarrassing. However, people rarely know that there are actually two emotional states that can cause this behavior and it doesn’t always mean that their dog is a truly aggressive dog. This blog post will discuss two types of leash reactivity, frustration-based reactivity, and fear-based reactivity, and their differences.